Dynamic queries in Spring Data JPA

You can wrap query parameters in specifications and pass them to queries.

Example of a request with a specification:

CuVotercntByCuSpecification builder = new CuVotercntByCuSpecification();
    Specification<CuVotercntByCu> specification =
        where(builder.isEqualViborrefererDate())
            .and(builder.fetch("ciuSubject"))
            .and(builder.fetch("viboryrefer"))
            .and(builder.fetch("protocolStatus"));          
List<CuVotercntByCu> allCiu = votercntByCuRepository.findAll(specification,
        Sort.by("viboryrefer.namvibor", "numokr"));

Example of creating a specification:

public class CuVotercntByCuSpecification extends BaseSpecification<CuVotercntByCu> { }

Use em.createNativeQuery or @SqlResultSetMapping
example here https://javastudy.ru/spring-data-jpa/jpa-native-query/

An example of a native query in building a dynamic query.

    case Role.CIK:
if (StringUtils.hasText(reqParam.getCiuSubject())) {
    sql += " AND cnt.vccucode_Subj =  :ciuSubject ";
    query.setParameter("ciuSubject", reqParam.getCiuSubject());
}

Query query = em.createNativeQuery(sql, CuVotercntByCu.class);
return query.getResultList();