My real ads don't appear in my app, only test ads

Good afternoon, I'm making an app and I'm setting up the ads part using Google admob, but when I Button my Ad ID does not appear in my app, it only appears with the test ID. I am using an emulator to use android. And my ad blocks have been created a long time ago. Do I need to publish my app to the play store for ads to appear? Or is my code wrong?

/ / Code AndroidManifest.xml

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<meta-data
        android:name="com.google.android.gms.ads.APPLICATION_ID"
        android:value="ca-app-pub-4462240214744405~5342560161" />

/ / Java Code

private AdRequest mAdRequest;
private AdView mAdView;


        //Carregamento ad
   
        MobileAds.initialize(this, new OnInitializationCompleteListener() {
        @Override
        public void onInitializationComplete(InitializationStatus initializationStatus) {
        }
    });

    //ad
    AdView adView = new AdView(this);
    adView.setAdSize(AdSize.BANNER);
    adView.setAdUnitId("ca-app-pub-4462240214744405/1315856688");
    mAdView =findViewById(R.id.adView1);
    mAdRequest = new AdRequest.Builder().build();
    mAdView.loadAd(mAdRequest);

/ / Layout

   <com.google.android.gms.ads.AdView
    android:id="@+id/adView1"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
    android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
    app:adSize="BANNER"
    app:adUnitId="ca-app-pub-4462240214744405/1315856688"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"></com.google.android.gms.ads.AdView>