On Windows-10, the file system on the external HDD becomes RAW

Facts.

1. The number of connected HDDs I have is more than 10. Agestar docking stations, USB3, some designed for 1 disk, some for 2.
2. Win-7 has never had any problems over the years.
3. On Win-10, I lost 10 disks of 3 Tb each in 7 months. File system corruption occurs unexpectedly, sometimes after weeks or months of work, sometimes-a few hours after installing the disk. When accessing a corrupted disk, it appears message: "Unable to identify the file system present on the volume..."
4. Some docking stations are connected directly to the computer, some via a USB hub. Damage occurs in both cases.
5. During damage, the supply voltage is stable. Corruption occurs when the computer is up and running, not during on / off operation.
6. The damage occurred several times on a new powerful DELL monoblock and on an old Acer laptop. Both there and there are Win-10 versions of 2004. That is, the type the computer is not important, the installed OS is important. There are indications that on the Win-10 version younger than 2004, the HDD does not deteriorate.
7. Avast antivirus is installed only on one machine, MS Defender is used on another computer, there is no third-party antivirus there. But the FS flies in both cases. Therefore, the antivirus is above suspicion. Needless to say, during the entire operation of the machines, no viruses were detected on them.
8. If the dock is on 2 disks, then both HDDs always go bad at the same time (!).
9. Both old disks and new ones out of the box deteriorate. The drives of the Seagate and Toshiba brands deteriorate (I did not use the others).
10. An illustrative case: the disk was half recorded on a computer with Win-7, then the HDD was connected to a computer with Win-10 and more files were recorded there. I was working with new files, and suddenly at some point these new files became unavailable, while the folders and files written to Win-7 were read. After restarting the computer, the entire disk became unavailable.
11. And here the last case. After copying a Seagate drive with some bad sectors to a new Toshiba drive (in a paired dock) I decided to go to the folder with unreadable files on the old Seagate drive. And at that moment, a message appeared that reading is not possible. After that, both disks were unavailable (although at this point I was working with one, the first, disk).
12. If the disk is corrupted (on Win-10), then it becomes unavailable on Win-7.
13. On a Dell computer, a standard utility The service reports that all drivers are fresh and do not need to be updated. But on attached disks, the file system is massively converted to RAW.
14. In all cases, the Disk Management snap-in sees damaged HDDs and can assign letters to them. The disk is shown as serviceable, its volume is given, but in place of the expected type of FS is RAW.
15. chkdsk writes: The type of the NTFS file system. The first NTFS boot sector cannot be read. Attempt to read the second boot file NTFS sectors. It is not possible to determine the volume version and its state. chkdsk operation interrupted
16. If you perform a quick formatting, all the files can be saved by Recuva, but the folder structure is lost. Saving requires several days of continuous operation of the computer.
17. The Diskintrnals Uneraser program also saves files, and you do not need to format the disk beforehand.
18. The Windows File Rescue console utility "does not take" damaged disks, but after a quick formatting will probably be able to restore the files (I haven't tried it, but I'm going to).
19. Internal disks, both mechanical HDD and SSD, do not deteriorate.
20. On the Internet, I did not find a sensible analysis of similar cases. There are short snippets of information without a solution.

WHAT SHOULD I DO?